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The image size of the Sun when photographed depends on the focal length of your camera (or telescope) focal length. Longer focal lengths produce larger images. Typical focal lengths (say 50 to 100 mm) produce very small images compared to the picture frame. For example, the actual image size of the Sun for a 50 mm lens is 0.45 mm. Since a 35 mm frame is about 36 mm wide, the Sun's image would be about 13% of the width.
Small images may be acceptable if the photographer wants multiple images of the Sun in the same frame. However, producing images that show some detail requires much longer focal length.
An Approximate Formula to Compute Sun's Image Size
Image Size (mm) = Focal Length (mm) / 107
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The following figure shows the relative size of the Sun's image of a totally eclipsed Sun (with a hypothetical corona) compared to the frame of a 35 mm camera for a range of focal lengths.
(For actual diameters in mm see the table on Exposure Times for No Trailing.)
Focal lengths are given both for full-frame 35 mm cameras and digital cameras that use
a reduced sensor typically about 60–70% of a 35 mm frame width.
Lens Focal Length vs. Image Size for Eclipse Photography
(Click image for larger size)
Figure from F. Espenak & J. Anderson, March 2008
Total Eclipse of 2009 July 22, NASA/TP2008214169, Fig. 24.
Therefore, the same lens produces an image that fills up more of the frame in cameras with a reduced sensor. This effectively makes a 35mm lens on a reduced sensor camera effectively equal to about 1.5x the lens focal length. (See box below.)
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Many digital cameras today use an image sensor that is smaller than a full-frame 35 mm camera. Most of these smaller sensors (including Canon, Nikon and Sony) have Advanced Photo System, Type-C sensors (APS-C). For example a Canon EOS 50D sensor is 14.9mm x 22.3mm compared to a 24mm x36mm full-frame. This requires multiplying the focal length of a lens on such a camera by an appropriate lens factor to obtain the equivalent focal length on a full-fram 35 mm camera. Usually the factor is 1.5x though Canon cameras have lens factors of 1.6x. Other digital cameras (e.g., Olympus) use Four Thirds type sensors (13.0mm x 17.3mm) requiring a 2x lens factor.
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